11/23/2023 0 Comments I would like to clarify synonym![]() Some studies that have been used as evidence in the debate have not investigated the task of silent reading (e.g., “reading” lists of words, Dimigen, Kliegl, & Sommer, 2012) and, because the nature of the task is different from that of silent reading, will not be considered here. The results of these studies have come to different conclusions: some claim positive evidence while others claim negative evidence. Throughout this debate researchers have used various tasks and languages to examine whether readers can obtain such information. The debate centers on cases when a target word is not skipped when it is skipped, it can be reasonably assumed that it had been sufficiently identified prior to fixation ( Drieghe, Rayner & Pollatsek, 2005 Ehrlich & Rayner, 1981 Rayner & Well, 1996). ![]() One of the most debated topics over the past decade in the field of eye movements during reading is whether or not semantic information can be obtained from an upcoming word while still fixating a prior word (see Hohenstein & Kliegl, 2013 Rayner, 1998, 2009 Schotter, Angele, & Rayner, 2012 for reviews). Semantic preview benefit is argued to depend on several factors-attentional resources, depth of orthography, and degree of similarity between preview and target. Why synonyms provide semantic preview benefit in reading English is discussed in relation to (1) previous failures to find semantic preview benefit in English and (2) the fact that semantic preview benefit is observed in other languages even for non-synonymous words. When this continuous variable (determined by a norming procedure) was used as the predictor in the analyses, there was a significant relationship between it and all reading time measures, suggesting that similarity in meaning between what is accessed parafoveally and what is processed foveally may be an important influence on the presence of semantic preview benefit. These different preview conditions represent different degrees to which the meaning of the sentence changes when the preview is replaced by the target. However, no semantic preview benefit was observed for semantic associates (e.g., curlers-styling). Two experiments, using the gazecontingent boundary paradigm ( Rayner, 1975), show that semantic preview benefit can be observed in English when the preview and target are synonyms (share the same or highly similar meaning, e.g., curlers-rollers). While orthographic and phonological preview benefits in reading are uncontroversial (see Schotter, Angele, & Rayner, 2012 for a review), researchers have debated the existence of semantic preview benefit with positive evidence in Chinese and German, but no support in English. ![]()
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